Is Nestle’s patenting Fennel (שומר) an attempt to own nature?

English: Elena Kagan, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

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The United States Supreme Court. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

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English: The current United States Supreme Court, the highest court in the United States, in 2006. Top row (left to right): Associate Justice Stephen G. Breyer, Associate Justice Clarence Thomas, Associate Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, and Associate Justice Samuel A. Alito. Bottom row (left to right): Associate Justice Anthony M. Kennedy, Associate Justice John Paul Stevens, Chief Justice John G. Roberts, Associate Justice Antonin G. Scalia, and Associate Justice David H. Souter. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Is Nestle’s patenting Fennel (שומר) an attempt to own nature? 

Nestle has come under fire for its patent application that seeks protection over an extraction of the fennel flower seed. The extract comes from a plant that has been used by humans for centuries. Opponents to Nestle claim that it is wrong to profit from product of nature that has been used as a homeopathic remedy for thousands of years.

The patent claims that Nestle “discovered” that Nigella sativa (the Fennel flower), could be used to alleviate food allergies.  Opponents say that “Instead of creating an artificial substitute, or fighting to make sure the remedy was widely available, Nestlé is attempting to create a monopoly from something that is nature-based.

 On its website, Nestle claims that it is not attempting to patent the flower itself but that the  “patent application relates only to the specific way that a material that can be extracted from the seed interacts with the body to reduce allergic reactions to food.”  Nestle agrees that “The fennel flower …  is a natural species, and nobody could, or should, benefit from ownership over it” and that, “we fully support the principle of fair access and benefit-sharing when it comes to the raw materials we use.”

 Can people own natural element?   Last year, in Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics , the United States Supreme Court ruled that human DNA could not be patented because it is a “product of nature.”  However, that court limited its ruling by pointing out that synthetic or human made DNA could be patented.  Since then, the global discussion about the line between nature and science has intensified.

Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.
Supreme Court of the United States
Argued April 15, 2013 Decided June 13, 2013
Full case name	Association for Molecular Pathology, et al. v. Myriad Genetics, Inc., et al.
Docket nos.	12-398
Citations	569 U.S. ___ (more)
Prior history	The District Court for the Southern District of New Yorkfound that patents were ineligible. 702 F.Supp. 2d 181, 192–211 (SDNY 2010). On appeal, the Federal Circuitreversed the decision and found 2-1 in favor of Myriad (689 F.3d 1303).
Holding
Naturally occurring DNA sequences, even when isolated from the body, cannot be patented, but artificially created DNA is patent eligible because it is not naturally occurring.
Court membership
Chief Justice John G. Roberts Associate Justices Antonin Scalia · Anthony Kennedy Clarence Thomas · Ruth Bader Ginsburg Stephen Breyer · Samuel Alito Sonia Sotomayor · Elena Kagan
Case opinions
Majority	Thomas, joined by Roberts, Kennedy, Ginsburg, Breyer, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan, Scalia (in part)
Concurrence	Scalia (all but part I-A)
Laws applied
35 U.S.C. § 101

Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, 569 U.S. 12-398 (2013) was a case challenging the validity of gene patents in the United States, specifically challenging certain claims in issued patents owned or controlled by Myriad Genetics that cover isolated DNA sequences, methods to diagnose propensity to cancer by looking for mutated DNA sequences, and methods to identify drugs using isolated DNA sequences. Prior to the case, the U.S. Patent Office accepted patents on isolated DNA sequences as a composition of matter. Diagnostic claims were already under question through the In re Bilski and Mayo v. Prometheus cases. Drug screening claims were not seriously questioned prior to this case.

The case was originally heard in Southern District Court of New York, which ruled that all the challenged claims were not patent eligible. Myriad then appealed to the Federal Circuit Appeals Court. The Circuit court overturned the previous decision in part, ruling that isolated DNA which does not exist alone in nature can be patented and that the drug screening claims were valid, and confirmed in part, finding the diagnostic claims unpatentable. The plaintiffs appealed to the Supreme Court, which granted certiorari and remanded the case to the Federal Circuit. The Federal Circuit did not change its opinion, so on September 25, 2012, the American Civil Liberties Union and the Public Patent Foundation filed a petition for certiorari with the Supreme Court with respect to the second Federal Circuit Decision. On November 30, 2012, the Supreme Court agreed to hear the plaintiffs’ appeal of the Federal Circuit’s ruling. On June 13, 2013, in a unanimous decision, the Supreme Court invalidated Myriad’s claims to isolated genes. The Court held that merely isolating genes that are found in nature does not make them patentable.

Proponents of the validity of these patents argued that they encourage investment in biotechnology and promote innovation in genetic research by not keeping technology shrouded in secrecy. Opponents argued that these patents stifle innovation by preventing others from conducting cancer research, limit options for cancer patients in seeking genetic testing, and are not valid because they claim genetic information that is not inventive, but is rather produced by nature.

Contents

[hide]

• 1 Background
  • 1.1 Litigants
  • 1.2 Arguments
• 2 Decision of the District Court
• 3 First hearing in the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
• 4 First petition to the Supreme Court
• 5 Second hearing in the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
• 6 Second petition to the Supreme Court
• 7 Decision of the Supreme Court
• 8 Reactions to the decision
• 9 References
• 10 Further reading
• 11 External links

Background[edit]

The global search for a genetic basis for breast and ovarian cancer began in earnest in 1988. In 1990, at an American Society of Human Genetics Meeting, a team of scientists led by Mary-Claire King, Ph.D., from University of California, Berkeley announced the localization through linkage analysis of a gene associated with increased risk for breast cancer (BRCA1) to the long arm of chromosome 17.^[1] It was understood at the time that a test for these mutations would be a clinically important prognostic tool. Myriad Genetics was founded in 1994 as a startup company out of University of Utah, by scientists involved in the hunt for the BRCA genes. In August 1994, Mark Skolnick, a founder of Myriad and scientist at University of Utah, and researchers at Myriad, along with colleagues at the University of Utah, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and McGill University published the sequence of BRCA1, which they had isolated.^[2] In that same year, the first BRCA1 U.S. patent was filed by the University of Utah, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), and Myriad.^[3] Over the next year, Myriad, in collaboration with University of Utah, isolated and sequenced the BRCA2 gene, and the first BRCA2 patent was filed in the U.S. by the University of Utah and other institutions in 1995.^[4] In 1996, Myriad launched their BRACAnalysis product, which detects certain mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes that put women at high risk for breast cancer and ovarian cancer.^[5]

Myriad’s business model has been to exclusively offer diagnostic testing services for the BRCA genes. It was on the basis of the premium price that the patents would allow Myriad to set during the 20 year life of the patents, that investors put money into Myriad.^[6]These were the funds that allowed Myriad to rapidly sequence the BRCA2 gene and finalize a robust diagnostic test. The business model meant that Myriad would need to enforce its patents against competitors, which included diagnostic labs at universities, which function very much like for-profit businesses in addition to educating pathologists-in-training.^[6] The patents expire, starting in 2014. In 2012, Myriad—just a startup in 1994—employed about 1200 people, had revenue of around $500 million, and was a publicly traded company.^[7]

About 2000 isolated human genes had been patented in the United States before this case started.^[8][9] Gene patents have generated a great deal of controversy, especially when their owners or licensees have aggressively enforced them to create exclusivity. Clinical pathologists have been especially concerned with gene patents, as their medical practice of offering clinical diagnostic services is subject to patent law, unlike the practices of other doctors which are exempt from patent law.^[10] For example, in 1998, University of Pennsylvania‘s Genetic Diagnostic Laboratory received cease and desist letters on the basis of patent infringement from Myriad, which requested clinical pathologists to stop testing patient samples for BRCA.^[6] Because of these kinds of legal threats to its members’ medical practices, the Association for Molecular Pathology has actively lobbied against the existence of, and exclusive licensing of, gene patents and was the lead plaintiff in this litigation.^[11][12]

Litigants[edit]

Along with the AMP (Association for Molecular Pathology) and the University of Pennsylvania, other plaintiffs in the suit included researchers at Columbia, NYU, Emory, and Yale; several patient advocacy groups; and several individual patients.

The defendants in the suit were originally Myriad, the Trustees of the University of Utah, and the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office(USPTO), but the USPTO was severed from the case by the district court.^[6]

The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and Public Patent Foundation represented the plaintiffs, with attorney Chris Hansen arguing the case, and Jones Day represented Myriad.

Arguments[edit]

The complaint challenged specific claims on isolated genes, diagnostic methods, and methods to identify drug candidates, in seven of Myriad’s 23 patents on BRCA1 and BRCA2.^[13]

The specific claims that were challenged were:^[6]

• claims 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, and 20 of U.S. patent 5,747,282;^[3]
• claims 1, 6, and 7 of U.S. patent 5,837,492;^[4]
• claim 1 of U.S. patent 5,693,473;^[14]
• claim 1 of U.S. patent 5,709,999;^[15]
• claim 1 of U.S. patent 5,710,001;^[16]
• claim 1 of U.S. patent 5,753,441;^[17] and
• claims 1 and 2 of U.S. patent 6,033,857^[18]

The plaintiffs wanted these claims declared invalid on the grounds that they are not patentable subject matter under §101 of Title 35 of the United States Code—that the isolated genes are unpatentable products of nature, and that the diagnostic method claims are mere thought processes that do not yield any real world transformations, and that the drug screening claims were just describing the basic processes of doing science.^[6] This part of US law describes what is patent-eligible: “any new and useful process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof”. If the invention falls under one of several excluding categories, however, including a “naturally occurring article” (a defined term in the law), then it is not patent eligible.^[6]

Plaintiffs argued that Myriad’s use of these patents—and the patents’ very existence—restricted research for clinicians and limited scientific progress. They further argued that from a patient’s perspective, Myriad’s use of the patents not only made it impossible to obtain a second opinion on a patient’s genetic predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer, but also kept the cost of BRCA1/2 testing high by preventing competition.^[6]

Myriad defended their patents to be valid because the USPTO issues patents for genes as “isolated sequences” in the same way it issues patents for any other chemical compound, since the isolation of the DNA sequence renders it different in character from that present in the human body, and they argued that their diagnostic tests were patentable subject matter.^[6]

Decision of the District Court[edit]

On March 29, 2010, Judge Robert W. Sweet of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York declared all of the contested claims invalid.^[6]

With respect to claims to isolated DNA sequences, Judge Sweet’s 152 page decision stated: “DNA’s existence in an ‘isolated’ form alters neither this fundamental quality of DNA as it exists in the body nor the information it encodes. Therefore, the patents at issue directed to ‘isolated DNA’ containing sequences found in nature are unsustainable as a matter of law and are deemed unpatentable under 35 U.S.C. §101.”^[6] The decision also found that comparisons of DNA sequences involved in these patents are abstract mental processes under the recent In re Bilski decision, therefore also not patent eligible, and that the drug screening claims were unpatentable as they merely cover a “basic scientific principle”.^[6][13][19]

On June 16, 2010, Myriad filed its Notice of Appeal.^[8][9]

First hearing in the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit[edit]

Myriad’s appeal was granted, and the case was heard in United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. Myriad, the defendant-appellant, was supported by at least 15 amicus briefs and the plaintiff-appellees’ position received support from 12 amicus briefs.^[20][21]The Department of Justice provided a surprising and unsolicited brief that in part supported the appellees but also suggested that claims covering isolated naturally occurring human genetic sequences are not properly patentable.^[22][23] Oral arguments were held on April 4, 2011.^[24]

On July 29, 2011, the Federal Circuit overturned the district court’s decision in part (reversing that an isolated DNA sequence is patent-ineligible, and the district court’s decision that methods for screening cancer therapeutics is patent-ineligible) and affirmed its ruling in part (agreeing that the district court’s decision that Myriad’s claims for comparing DNA sequences are patent-ineligible). Judge Alan Lourie, who wrote the majority ruling, reasoned that isolated DNA is chemically distinct from the natural state of a gene in the body.^[25]Judge Lourie cited the Supreme Court case Diamond v. Chakrabarty, which used the test of whether a genetically modified organism was “markedly different” from those found in nature to rule that genetically modified organisms are patent eligible. Thus, he concluded that since Myriad’s patents describe DNA sequences that do not alone exist in nature, they are patent eligible.^[26]

First petition to the Supreme Court[edit]

After the Federal Circuit ruling, the Association for Molecular Pathology petitioned for a writ of certiorari to the Supreme Court, asking it to review this case.^[27] The Supreme Court granted the writ, and on March 26, 2012, it vacated the Federal Circuit decision, andremanded the case back to the Federal Circuit.^[28] In other words, the Supreme court revoked the original ruling of the Federal Circuit, and asked the lower court to re-hear the entire case again. These Supreme Court actions were made in light of its recent decision inMayo Collaborative Services v. Prometheus Laboratories, Inc., where the Court ruled that certain kinds of claims in medical diagnostics patents, including natural phenomena, were not patentable. The Supreme Court expected the Federal Circuit to take this precedent into account in its new ruling.

Second hearing in the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit[edit]

On August 16, 2012, the Federal Circuit held its ground, ruling again in a 2–1 decision in favor of Myriad. The new court opinion was nearly identical to the original.^[29] The Federal Circuit again reversed the district court’s decision on isolated DNA molecules; the Federal Circuit found that such molecules are patent-eligible under § 101 because they are nonnaturally occurring compositions of matter. It also reversed the district court’s decision concerning assays to find drugs to treat cancer; the Federal Circuit again found that these assays are patentable. And again—now reinforced by the Prometheus decision—the Federal Circuit affirmed the lower court’s decision, that method claims directed to “comparing” or “analyzing” DNA sequences are patent ineligible. Such claims were held to include no transformative steps and therefore to cover only patent-ineligible abstract, mental steps.

With respect to the patentability of isolated genes, the majority opinion stated that the Mayo precedent was not particularly relevant to this case, because it did not deal with the patent eligibility of gene patents.^[30] Judge Lourie stated: “The remand of this case for reconsideration in light of Mayo might suggest, as Plaintiffs and certain amici state, that the composition claims are mere reflections of a law of nature. Respectfully, they are not, any more than any product of man reflects and is consistent with a law of nature.”^[31]

Judge William Bryson wrote a dissent with respect to the non-patentability of isolated DNA sequences, applying the reasoning of the Supreme Court in the Mayo case with respect to methods involving “natural laws”, to products of nature:

In Mayo, which involved method claims…the [Supreme] Court found that the method was not directed to patent-eligible subject matter because it contributed nothing “inventive” to the law of nature that lay at the heart of the claimed invention…In concluding that the claims did not add “enough” to the natural laws, the Court was particularly persuaded by the fact that “the steps of the claimed processes…involve well-understood, routine, conventional activity previously engaged in by researchers in the field.”

Just as a patent involving a law of nature must have an “inventive concept” that does “significantly more than simply describe…natural relations,”… a patent involving a product of nature should have an inventive concept that involves more than merely incidental changes to the naturally occurring product. In cases such as this one, in which the applicant claims a composition of matter that is nearly identical to a product of nature, it is appropriate to ask whether the applicant has done “enough” to distinguish his alleged invention from the similar product of nature. Has the applicant made an “inventive” contribution to the product of nature? Does the claimed composition involve more than “well-understood, routine, conventional” elements? Here, the answer to those questions is no.

Neither isolation of the naturally occurring material nor the resulting breaking of covalent bonds makes the claimed molecules patentable….The functional portion of the composition—the nucleotide sequence—remains identical to that of the naturally occurring gene.^[32]

Second petition to the Supreme Court[edit]

On September 25, 2012, the American Civil Liberties Union and the Public Patent Foundation filed another petition for certiorari with the Supreme Court with respect to the second Federal Circuit Decision.^[33] On November 30, 2012, the Supreme Court agreed to hear the plaintiffs’ appeal of the Federal Circuit’s ruling.^[34]

Oral arguments were heard before the Supreme Court on April 15, 2013.^[35]

Decision of the Supreme Court[edit]

Justice Clarence Thomas, on June 13, 2013, delivered the opinion of the Court,^[36][37][38] in which all other members of the Supreme Court joined, except Justice Antonin Scalia, who concurred in part and concurred in the judgment. The majority opinion delivered by Thomas held, “A naturally occurring DNA segment is a product of nature and not patent eligible merely because it has been isolated, but cDNA is patent eligible because it is not naturally occurring.”^[39] In Part III of the majority opinion, Thomas wrote:

It is important to note what is not implicated by this decision. First, there are no method claims before this Court. Had Myriad created an innovative method of manipulating genes while searching for the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, it could possibly have sought a method patent. But the processes used by Myriad to isolate DNA at the time of Myriad’s patents “were well understood, widely used, and fairly uniform insofar as any scientist engaged in the search for a gene would likely have utilized a similar approach,” 702 F. Supp. 2d, at 202–203, and are not at issue in this case.

Similarly, this case does not involve patents on new applications of knowledge about the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Judge Bryson aptly noted that, “[a]s the first party with knowledge of the [BRCA1 and BRCA2] sequences, Myriad was in an excellent position to claim applications of that knowledge. Many of its unchallenged claims are limited to such applications.” 689 F. 3d, at 1349.

Nor do we consider the patentability of DNA in which the order of the naturally occurring nucleotides has been altered. Scientific alteration of the genetic code presents a different inquiry, and we express no opinion about the application of §101 to such endeavors. We merely hold that genes and the information they encode are not patent eligible under §101 simply because they have been isolated from the surrounding genetic material.^[39]

In his concurring opinion, which relates to the scientific details in the majority opinion,^[38] Scalia wrote:

I join the judgment of the Court, and all of its opinion except Part I–A and some portions of the rest of the opinion going into fine details of molecular biology. I am unable to affirm those details on my own knowledge or even my own belief. It suffices for me to affirm, having studied the opinions below and the expert briefs presented here, that the portion of DNA isolated from its natural state sought to be patented is identical to that portion of the DNA in its natural state; and that complementary DNA (cDNA) is a synthetic creation not normally present in nature.^[39]

Reactions to the decision[edit]

Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics was a landmark case on the practice of gene patenting. The District Court’s decision was received as an unexpected ruling, because it contradicted the generally accepted practice of gene patents.^[40][41] The Federal Circuit’s decision was a return to the status quo, in which the U.S. Patent Office issues patents for isolated gene sequences. However, it still ignited much controversy and interest from the public. The plaintiff’s argument that DNA should be excluded from patent eligibility was widely echoed in popular media.^[42][43] Jim Dwyer, a reporter for The New York Times, wrote: “But for many people, it is impossible to understand how genes — the traits we inherit from our parents and pass along to our children — could become a company’s intellectual property.”^[44] James Watson, one of the discoverers of the structure of DNA, agreed and submitted a brief in the case. He argued that DNA conveys special genetic information, that human genetic information should not be the private property of anyone, and that developing a patent thicket of gene sequences could prevent easy commercialization of genetic diagnostics.^[45]

In terms of the emotional impact of this case as it was portrayed in the media—the exclusive offering of a diagnostic test and the high price of the test—the real legal force on that issue arose from the outcome of other cases, In re Bilski and Mayo v. Prometheus, which rendered most diagnostic claims unpatentable, making it difficult for Myriad’s business model (as described above in the Background section) to work going forward—difficult for R&D driven business and investors, potentially bad for patients as there may be fewer diagnostic tests brought to market, but potentially better for patients in that prices for tests may be lower and it will be easier to have a test re-done by an alternate lab.^[46][47]

The same issue, namely the patentability of the DNA sequence in the BRCA1 gene, was considered in a February 2013 case in theFederal Court of Australia where the validity of Myriad’s patent was upheld.^[48] This was also a landmark ruling, and an appeal to the Full Court of the Federal Court of Australia is to be heard in August 2013.^[49] The submissions for that appeal were due on June 14, 2013, the day after the U.S. Supreme Court ruling was published, and the appellants in the Australian case have stated that the U.S. ruling has been referenced within their submission.^[50] Irrespective of the decision of the Full Court of the Federal Court, an appeal to theHigh Court of Australia (the equivalent of the U.S. Supreme Court) will remain possible.

References[edit]

1. Jump up^ Hall, J.; Lee, M.; Newman, B.; Morrow, J.; Anderson, L.; Huey, B.; King, M. (1990). “Linkage of early-onset familial breast cancer to chromosome 17q21”. Science 250 (4988): 1684–1689. doi:10.1126/science.2270482. PMID 2270482. edit
2. Jump up^ Miki, Y.; Swensen, J.; Shattuck-Eidens, D.; Futreal, P. A.; Harshman, K.; Tavtigian, S.; Liu, Q.; Cochran, C.; Bennett, L. M.; Ding, W.; Et, A. (1994). “A strong candidate for the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1”. Science 266 (5182): 66–71. doi:10.1126/science.7545954. PMID 7545954. edit
3. ^ Jump up to:^a b US5747282
4. ^ Jump up to:^a b US5837492
5. Jump up^ “Myriad Marketed Products”. Retrieved October 10, 2012.
6. ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g h i j k l} Association for Molecular Pathology v. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, No. 09-cv-4515, 94 USPQ2d 1683 (S.D.N.Y. March 29, 2010). District Court Decision. Retrieved October 10, 2012.
7. Jump up^ Myriad Investor Page—see “Myriad at a glance” accessed October 2012.
8. ^ Jump up to:^a b Shipman, Joan (March 30, 2010). “BRCA1/2 patents ruled invalid in PUBPAT/ACLU lawsuit”. Supraspinatus, Official Blog of the New York State Bar Association Health Law Section. Retrieved 2012-06-28.
9. ^ Jump up to:^a b “ACLU Challenges Patents On Breast Cancer Genes: BRCA”. American Civil Liberties Union. June 26, 2012. Retrieved 2012-06-28.
10. Jump up^ USC § 287(c) Quote: “This subsection (exemptions of patent infringement for doctors) does not apply to the activities of any person…who is engaged in …the provision of … clinical laboratory services”.
11. Jump up^ Association for Molecular Pathology Press Release, February 16, 2012. AMP Testifies at USPTO: AMP presented testimony to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office requesting moratorium on human gene patenting.
12. Jump up^ Mary Steele Williams, Executive Director, Association for Molecular Pathology., February 16, 2012. Association for Molecular Pathology Testimony to the USPTO
13. ^ Jump up to:^a b Schwartz, John and Pollack, Andrew (March 29, 2010).“Judge Invalidates Human Gene Patent”. The New York Times. Retrieved March 29, 2010.
14. Jump up^ US5693473
15. Jump up^ US5709999
16. Jump up^ US5710001
17. Jump up^ US5753441
18. Jump up^ US6033857
19. Jump up^ Hamblett, Mark (March 30, 2010). “Genes Linked to Breast, Ovarian Cancers Are Ruled Unpatentable”. New York Law Journal. Retrieved 2012-06-28.
20. Jump up^ Donald Zuhn for Patent Docs Blog, January 27, 2011. Amicus Briefs in AMP v. USPTO: AARP
21. Jump up^ Donald Zuhn for Patent Docs Blog, December 16, 2010. AMP v. USPTO—Briefing Update II
22. Jump up^ Andrew Pollack (Nov 1, 2010). “Gene Patent Ruling Raises Questions for Industry”. New York Times.
23. Jump up^ Heidi Ledford (Nov 2, 2010). “US government wants limits on gene patents”. Nature News.
24. Jump up^ Dennis Crouch for Patently-O Blog. Apr 4, 2011 Federal Circuit Hears Myriad Gene Patent Case
25. Jump up^ United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit Docket 2010–1406, Decided July 29, 2011. Appeals Court DecisionAccess date October 7, 2012.
26. Jump up^ Conley, John. “Pigs Return to Earth: Federal Circuit Reinstates Most—But Not All—of Myriad’s Patents”.Genomics Law Report. Retrieved October 8, 2012.
27. Jump up^ “Paper Chase: ACLU asks Supreme Court to rule on gene patent case”. JURIST. December 8, 2011. Retrieved June 28, 2012.
28. Jump up^ Kevin Noonan for Patent Docs Blog, March 26, 2012 Supreme Court Remands Myriad Case
29. Jump up^ Reuters. “Court Reaffirms Right of Myriad Genetics to Patent Genes”. New York Times. Retrieved October 14, 2012.
30. Jump up^ Conley, John. “Applying Mayo to Myriad: Latest Decision Brings No New News”. Genomics Law Report. Retrieved October 14, 2012.
31. Jump up^ “AMP v. Myriad second Federal Circuit court opinion”. Retrieved October 12, 2012.
32. Jump up^ Bryson’s dissent, as cited in John Conley for Genomics Law Report Applying Mayo to Myriad: Latest Decision Brings No New News access date October 14, 2012.
33. Jump up^ Kevin E. Noonan for Patent Docs Blog, September 25, 2012.Plaintiffs (Again) File Certiorari Petition in Myriad Case
34. Jump up^ Dennis Crouch for Patently-O Blog, November 20, 2012.Supreme Court has Granted Cert in the Myriad Case, Question: Are Human Genes Patentable
35. Jump up^ SCOTUS Blog calendar, accessed on May 14, 2013
36. Jump up^ Jess Bravin and Brent Kendall (13 June 2013). “Justices Strike Down Gene Patents”. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
37. Jump up^ Robert Barnes and Brady Dennis (13 June 2013). “Supreme Court rules human genes may not be patented”. The Washington Post. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
38. ^ Jump up to:^a b Liptak, Adam (13 June 2013). “Justices, 9-0, Bar Patenting Human Genes”. The New York Times. Retrieved 15 June 2013. “Long passages of Justice Thomas’s opinion read like a science textbook, prompting Justice Antonin Scalia to issue a brief concurrence.”
39. ^ Jump up to:^a b c Slip opinion from the U.S. Supreme Court
40. Jump up^ Begley, Sharon (March 29, 2010). “In Surprise Ruling, Court Declares Two Gene Patents Invalid”. The Daily Beast. Retrieved 2012-06-28.
41. Jump up^ Conley, John. “Pigs Fly: Federal Court Invalidates Myriad’s Patent Claims”. Genomics Law Report. Retrieved October 7, 2012.
42. Jump up^ Sharon Begley for the Daily Beast. Feb 3, 2010 Who Owns Your DNA?
43. Jump up^ 60 MInutes, CBS. April 5, 2010 Should Firms Be Able to Own Your Genes?
44. Jump up^ Jim Dwyer for the New York Times. March 30, 2010 In Patent Fight, Nature, 1; Company, 0
45. Jump up^ Donald Zuhn for Patent Docs July 12, 2012. Dr. James Watson: Human Genes Should Not Be Patented Access date October 14, 2012. For Watson’s amicus brief to the Federal Circuit, see here
46. Jump up^ Susan Decker and John Lauerman for Bloomberg News. Jul 19, 2012. Human Genes as Company Property Tested by Myriad Patent Case
47. Jump up^ Meredith Cohn, The Baltimore Sun. September 22, 2012Gene patent case could impact patients, research: Promising personalized medicine field could be limited by gene patents
48. Jump up^ Corderoy, Amy (February 15, 2013). “Landmark patent ruling over breast cancer gene BRCA1”. Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved June 14, 2013.
49. Jump up^ Corderoy, Amy (March 4, 2013). “BRCA1 gene patent ruling to be appealed”. Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved June 14, 2013.
50. Jump up^ Corderoy, Amy (June 14, 2013). “Companies can’t patent genes, US court rules”. Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved June 14, 2013.

Further reading[edit]

• Abbott, Laurie E. (2012). “Incentive for Innovation or Invitation to Inhumanity?: A Human Rights Analysis of Gene Patenting and the Case of Myriad Genetics“. Utah Law Review 2012 (1): 497–525.
• Rogers, Douglas L. (2013). “After Prometheus, are Human Genes Patentable?”. Duke Law & Technology Review 11 (2): 434–508.SSRN 2185984.

External links[edit]

• Slip opinion from the U.S. Supreme Court

Categories:

• 2013 in United States case law
• Biological patent law
• United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit cases
• United States patent case law
• United States Supreme Court cases

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INFOGRAPHIC: HOW TO SPREAD THE LOVE WITH YOUR NOKIA ASHA

Nokia 3120 classic mobile phone (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Love ? I love love love you. (Photo credit: @Doug88888)

English: A printed circuit board inside a mobile phone Česky: Takto vypadá mobilní telefon zevnitř. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Image via CrunchBase

Image via CrunchBase

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Having started dating just before the arrival of mobile phones, I often marvel at how easy lovebirds have it these days.

Whether it’s texting emoticons or flirting on Facebook, it’s infinitely less nerve wracking than nervously dialing your love interest’s number, only for their mum to pick up the call. Happily, today all you need for love is your Nokia Asha (though my Nokia Lumia does a pretty good job, too). So, to share the love with Asha, where do you begin? Perhaps one of the many social networking apps from Facebook, Twitter and Line to WeChat, or the fantastic WhatsApp, now available for Asha 501 and preinstalled with the new Asha 500, 502 and 503.

Love, love, love! All you need is Asha.

Instead of waiting to be spotted in your tracksuit bottoms on a bad hair day, just upload a selfie when you’re looking absolutely fabulous! It doesn’t get any quicker and easier than the new Nokia Ashas’ one touch sharing. Or, check out your lover’s latest hangout on Foursquare… it’s easy to say you just happened to be in the neighbourhood.

While sometimes you can just call to say I love you, the emoticons supported by your Nokia Asha will help if you’re ever lost for words. The first heart shaped emoticon was sent in Japan way back in 1995, and since then billions have used it to declare their love. Alternatively, if you like to take things more slowly,  just try the good old smile. It’s a start, and it’ll make someone happy!

With Nokia Asha’s second home screen Fastlane, you’ll also have instant access to notifications and reminders, so you can spread the love exactly when it matters. Say happy birthday, admire the new hairstyle and cheer your baby’s latest tricks. Then see the love you’ve given flood right back to you, with real time like counters for your own social media posts. With Asha, love really is all around you. For more tips on how to share it, take a look at this cool infographic we’ve put together.

We all love to be loved, so why not try out some of these top tips right now? And if you have any other ways of making Nokia Asha users the new love generation, why not open your heart in the comments below.

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Why the paper Experiment Will Fail.

English: Inflations – Hungarian paper money, 1946. (1 milliard Pengő) (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

English: Changes in US Money supply based on Federal Reserve historical data. Source code is in File:Components of US Money supply.svg (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

English: actual interest payments by general government in percent of GDP, selected countries. Source of data: Ameco data bank. Deutsch: Staatliche Zinslastquote im Verhältnis zum BIP, ausgewählte Länder. Quelle: Ameco-Datenbank. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Deutsch: Bruttostaatsschuldenstand in % des BIP, 2008 (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Money-supply (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

English: Gross public debt, % of GDP, 2008 (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

M4 money supply of the United Kingdom 1984–2007. In thousand millions (billions) of pounds sterling. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

European Government Debt Infographic (Photo credit: EuroCrisisExplained.co.uk)

English: The Euro money supply from September 1998 through October 2007. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

The money supply of Australia 1984-2007. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

A paper currency system contains the seeds of its own destruction. The temptation for the monopolist money producer to increase the money supply is almost irresistible. In such a system with a constantly increasing money supply and, as a consequence, constantly increasing prices, it does not make much sense to save in cash to purchase assets later. A better strategy, given this senario, is to go into debt to purchase assets and pay back the debts later with a devalued currency. Moreover, it makes sense to purchase assets that can later be pledged as collateral to obtain further bank loans. A paper money system leads to excessive debt.

This is especially true of players that can expect that they will be bailed out with newly produced money such as big businesses, banks, and the government.

We are now in a situation that looks like a dead end for the paper money system. After the last cycle, governments have bailed out malinvestments in the private sector and boosted their public welfare spending. Deficits and debts skyrocketed. Central banks printed money to buy public debts (or accept them as collateral in loans to the banking system) in unprecedented amounts. Interest rates were cut close to zero. Deficits remain large. No substantial real growth is in sight. At the same time banking systems and other financial players sit on large piles of public debt. A public default would immediately trigger the bankruptcy of the banking sector. Raising interest rates to more realistic levels or selling the assets purchased by the central bank would put into jeopardy the solvency of the banking sector, highly indebted companies, and the government. It looks like even the slowing down of money printing (now called “QE tapering”) could trigger a bankruptcy spiral. A drastic reduction of government spending and deficits does not seem very likely either, given the incentives for politicians in democracies.

$15.00$12.00

So will money printing be a constant with interest rates close to zero until people lose their confidence in the paper currencies? Can the paper money system be maintained or will we necessarily get a hyperinflation sooner or later?

There are at least seven possibilities:

1. Inflate. Governments and central banks can simply proceed on the path of inflation and print all the money necessary to bail out the banking system, governments, and other over-indebted agents. This will further increase moral hazard. This option ultimately leads into hyperinflation, thereby eradicating debts. Debtors profit, savers lose. The paper wealth that people have saved over their life time will not be able to assure such a high standard of living as envisioned.

2. Default on Entitlements. Governments can improve their financial positions by simply not fulfilling their promises. Governments may, for instance, drastically cut public pensions, social security and unemployment benefits to eliminate deficits and pay down accumulated debts. Many entitlements, that people have planned upon, will prove to be worthless.

3. Repudiate Debt. Governments can also default outright on their debts. This leads to losses for banks and insurance companies that have invested the savings of their clients in government bonds. The people see the value of their mutual funds, investment funds, and insurance plummet thereby revealing the already-occurred losses. The default of the government could lead to the collapse of the banking system. The bankruptcy spiral of overindebted agents would be an economic Armageddon. Therefore, politicians until now have done everything to prevent this option from happening.

4. Financial Repression. Another way to get out of the debt trap is financial repression. Financial repression is a way of channeling more funds to the government thereby facilitating public debt liquidation. Financial repression may consist of legislation making investment alternatives less attractive or more directly in regulation inducing investors to buy government bonds. Together with real growth and spending cuts, financial repression may work to actually reduce government debt loads.

5. Pay Off Debt. The problem of overindebtedness can also be solved through fiscal measures. The idea is to eliminate debts of governments and recapitalize banks through taxation. By reducing overindebtedness, the need for the central bank to keep interest low and to continue printing money is alleviated. The currency could be put on a sounder base again. To achieve this purpose, the government expropriates wealth on a massive scale to pay back government debts. The government simply increases existing tax rates or may employ one-time confiscatory expropriations of wealth. It uses these receipts to pay down its debts and recapitalize banks. Indeed the IMF has recently proposed a one-time 10-percent wealth tax in Europe in order to reduce the high levels of public debts. Large scale cuts in spending could also be employed to pay off debts. After WWII, the US managed to reduce its debt-to-GDP ratio from 130 percent in 1946 to 80 percent in 1952. However, it seems unlikely that such a debt reduction through spending cuts could work again. This time the US does not stand at the end of a successful war. Government spending was cut in half from $118 billion in 1945 to $58 billion in 1947, mostly through cuts in military spending. Similar spending cuts today do not seem likely without leading to massive political resistance and bankruptcies of overindebted agents depending on government spending.

6. Currency Reform. There is the option of a full-fledged currency reform including a (partial) default on government debt. This option is also very attractive if one wants to eliminate overindebtedness without engaging in a strong price inflation. It is like pressing the reset button and continuing with a paper money regime. Such a reform worked in Germany after the WWII (after the last war financial repression was not an option) when the old paper money, the Reichsmark, was substituted by a new paper money, the Deutsche Mark. In this case, savers who hold large amounts of the old currency are heavily expropriated, but debt loads for many people will decline.

7. Bail-in. There could be a bail-in amounting to a half-way currency reform. In a bail-in, such as occurred in Cyprus, bank creditors (savers) are converted into bank shareholders. Bank debts decrease and equity increases. The money supply is reduced. A bail-in recapitalizes the banking system, and eliminates bad debts at the same time. Equity may increase so much, that a partial default on government bonds would not threaten the stability of the banking system. Savers will suffer losses. For instance, people that invested in life insurances that in turn bought bank liabilities or government bonds will assume losses. As a result the overindebtedness of banks and governments is reduced.

Any of the seven options, or combinations of two or more options, may lie ahead. In any case they will reveal the losses incurred in and end the wealth illusion. Basically, taxpayers, savers, or currency users are exploited to reduce debts and put the currency on a more stable basis. A one-time wealth tax, a currency reform or a bail-in are not very popular policy options as they make losses brutally apparent at once. The first option of inflation is much more popular with governments as it hides the costs of the bail out of overindebted agents. However, there is the danger that the inflation at some point gets out of control. And the monopolist money producer does not want to spoil his privilege by a monetary meltdown. Before it gets to the point of a runaway inflation, governments will increasingly ponder the other options as these alternatives could enable a reset of the system.

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The 13 Most Influential People In Steve Jobs’ Life

English: Apple Store in Frankfurt (Germany) after death of Steve Jobs. Deutsch: Trauer am Apple Store in Frankfurt am Main nach Steve Jobs Tod (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Steve Jobs (Photo credit: DonkeyHotey)

Steve Jobs – Placard (Photo credit: The Seg)

Steve Jobs while presenting the iPad in San Francisco 27th January 2010 (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Image via CrunchBase

Steve Wozniak – Apple Co-Founder (Photo credit: Anirudh Koul)

English: Steve Jobs shows off the white iPhone 4 at the 2010 Worldwide Developers Conference Español: Presentación del iPhone 4 por Steve Jobs en la Worldwide Developers Conference del año 2010 (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Steve Jobs at the WWDC 07 (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Steven Paul Jobs, called Steve Jobs, co-founder, chairman and CEO of Apple Inc. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Stephen Darori

OCT. 26, 2011, 4:22 PM 122,720 20

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The driving theme behind Walter Isaacon’s biography of Steve Jobs is Jobs’ “Reality Distortion Field.”

It’s a perception Jobs had throughout his life: While something may seem impossible to others, Jobs believed anything could be accomplished, no matter how outlandish or insane it may have been.

And it usually worked.

But how did he develop that philosophy?

From the early days of his childhood to his final days of Apple, a cast of “Characters” (as Isaacson put it) helped guide him on his way to success.

After reading through Isaacson’s account, we decided to round up the most influential people in Jobs’ life how they affected him.

Steve’s father Paul helped turn him into a perfectionist

Paul Jobs was Steve’s adoptive father. He was a great mechanic and overall handyman, and taught Steve how to perfect projects from the inside out, even at a young age.

Paul also recognized Steve’s intellect from early on, demanding that his son’s teachers to make sure Steve was properly challenged in school.

Steve Wozniak

When Steve Jobs first met Woz, they quickly discovered they both had a lot in common. They both loved electronics and technology, and they both loved to play pranks.

The two quickly bonded over their mutual interests, pulling off pranks and selling the infamous “blue boxes” that allowed people to make free long distance phone calls. (At one point they even called the Vatican asking for the Pope.)

When Jobs stopped handing out stock options shortly after Apple’s IPO, Wozniak frequently gave employees some of his own.

Wozniak left Apple in 1978.

Robert Noyce was a father figure early to Jobs as Apple was getting off the ground

Wikimedia Commons

Ann Bowers left her job at Intel after she married co-founder Robert Noyce. She began working at Apple in 1980, and became one of the few employees who would stand up to Steve Jobs.

Eventually, Jobs developed a close friendship with Bowers and Noyce. Bowers says Noyce became like a “father figure” to Jobs during the earliest days of Apple. Jobs would often stop by the couple’s house unannounced for visits.

Laurene Powell, Steve Jobs’s wife of 20 years

Diana Walker / Contour by Getty Images

Laurene Powell married Steve Jobs in 1991. The two met while she was a student in Stanford Business School. Steve came by to teach class for a day and saw her sitting in the front row — she was so fetching to him that he took her out to dinner that very night, blowing off a work meeting.

Powell really shone as Jobs’s medical condition got worse. She maintained constant watch on lists for liver donations in several states with the hopes that Jobs could get one.

She also monitored Jobs’s treatment after the transplant by taking notes from his monitors and asking his doctors a ton of questions.

Bill Gates was Jobs’s ultimate rival

Associated Press

No need to rehash too much history here. We all know about the rivalry between Bill Gates and Steve Jobs.

What we did find interesting was this: The last meeting between Bill Gates and Steve Jobs, according to Isaacson, took place at Jobs’s home a few months before he died.

The two had a poignant conversation where they said they still shared a mutual respect for each other. Gates even complimented Jobs for resurrecting Apple from near collapse.

Bill Campbell

Columbia University

When Steve Jobs returned to Apple in 1997, Campbell served as a board member. (He was also the head of marketing in the early days of Apple.)

When Jobs fell ill, Campbell worked to make sure Apple’s public statements about Jobs’s condition fell in line with SEC regulations. (Companies have to disclose information that affected the company’s bottom line.) Since Campbell was so close to Jobs on a personal level, he offered to step down from Apple’s board so he wouldn’t feel conflicted in protecting Jobs’s privacy.

Eventually, it was decided that Campbell could stay on the board, but step down as co-director.

Ed Woolard brought Steve Jobs back to Apple from Next

Dupont

Woolard was the person who talked Jobs into becoming CEO of Apple. Jobs tossed everyone off Apple’s board except for Ed Woolard when he became CEO. He thought Woolard was a sharp guy, and ended up admiring him greatly.

Jony Ive was Jobs’s closest friend at Apple

Facilware

“Most people in Steve’s life are replaceable. But not Jony,” says Jobs’ wife Laurene.

The two were best friends and the men responsible for designing Apple’s iconic products starting with the “Bondi Blue” iMac.

Jobs said of Ive, “The difference that Jony has made, not only at Apple but in the world, is huge … If I had to pick a spiritual partner at Apple, it’s Jony.”

Al Alcorn hired Steve Jobs at Atari

Wikimedia Commons

He was the chief engineer at Atari who designed Pong and hired Steve Jobs. When he came up with the concept for the game Breakout, he assigned Jobs to work on it and offered a huge bonus upon completion.

Jobs got Wozniak’s help on it and they made the deadline, but he lied about how much money was involved and pocketed the majority for himself.

Robert Friedland helped influence the “Apple” brand name

Forbes

Robert Friedland met Steve while they were at Reed College at became fast friends. He got Steve a job working on his apple farm commune, which is where the name for Apple Computers came from. Friedland went on to make a fortune in the mining industry.

Mike Markkula was Apple’s first investor

DigiBarn

Mike Markkula helped get Apple off the ground. On his decision to invest, he said, “I looked past the fact that both guys needed a haircut and was amazed by what I saw on that workbench. You can always get a haircut.”

John Lasseter and Jobs changed animated movies forever

John Lasseter was in charge of Pixar’s animation division when Steve Jobs took over the company. Although they had different personalities, the pair worked well together.

Jobs admired Lasseter’s artistry and vision and took several big financial bets that the animator could revolutionize animated films with computers. Eventually, Lasseter became the link between Disney and Pixar, leading to the success of Toy Story and the other Pixar blockbusters.

Bob Dylan was Jobs’ artistic role model

commons.wikimedia.org

As a teenager, Steve Jobs became obsessed with Bob Dylan. He would go to extreme lengths to obtain bootleg recordings of the rock legend’s live concerts. Jobs and Steve Wozniak would stay up late at night trying to interpret Dylan’s lyrics.

Throughout his career, Jobs would often quote Dylan lyrics in speeches and presentations. His iPod was also loaded with Bob Dylan tracks.

Bob Dylan even affected Jobs’s personal life. His college friend Elizabeth Holmes speculated that Jobs dated Joan Baez because she once dated Bob Dylan too.

A different side of Steve Jobs…

Wikimedia Commons

Click here to see 16 examples of him being a big jerk >

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Nelson Mandela and his Relationship with South African Jews

English: Stadium Nelson Mandela Bay, in Port Elizabeth, South Africa (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

English: Nelson Mandela’s prison cell on Robben Island Français : Cellule de Nelson Mandela, Robben Island Deutsch: Nelson Mandelas Gefängniszelle auf Robben Island Myanmasa: Robben Island (ရော်ဘင်ကျွန်း)ပေါ်ရှိ Nelson Mandela’s (နယ်လဆင် မန်ဒဲလား) ၏ထောင်အခန်း (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

English: Nelson Mandela Square in Sandton, Johannesburg at night (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

English: Nelson Mandella Gardens in Millennium Square, Leeds, UK (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

English: A gull photographed on the ferry between Cape Town (South Africa) and Robben Island (the island on which Nelson Mandela was imprisoned). (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

President Bill Clinton with Nelson Mandela, July 4 1993. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Parliament Square – Mandela and Peel (Photo credit: ell brown)

Nelson Mandela, July 4 1993. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Mandela magnet (Photo credit: nonvivant)

Nelson Mandela 1918 – 2013 (Photo credit: Debris2008)

The late philanthropist Mendel Kaplan showing late South Africa President Nelson Mandela around the South African Jewish Museum, which was opened by Mandela in 2000. (Shawn Benjamin/Ark Images) In the early 1940s, at a time when it was virtually impossible for a South African of color to secure a professional apprenticeship, the Jewish law firm Witkin, Sidelsky and Eidelman gave a young black man a job as a clerk. It was among the first encounters in what would become a lifelong relationship between Nelson Mandela and South Africa’s  bustling liberal  Jewish community, impacting the statesman’s life at several defining moments — from his arrival in Johannesburg from the rural Transkei region as a young man to his years of struggle, imprisonment and ascension to the presidency. Mandela, who died Thursday at 95, wrote of the early job in his autobiography, “Long Walk to Freedom,” and acknowledged the disproportionate role that Jews played in the struggle against apartheid. Lazer Sidelsky, one of the firm’s partners, treated him with “enormous kindness” and was among the first whites to treat him with respect. “I have found Jews to be more broad-minded than most whites on issues of race and politics, perhaps because they themselves have historically been victims of prejudice,” Mandela wrote.  When Nelson Mandela visited Israel in 1997 he specifically asked to meet , Lazer Sidelsky’s son, Rabbi Sodelsky. and Stephen Drus ( Stephen Darori after he Hebrewaized his surname ) the nephew of Professor Ethel Drus both of whom had immigrated to Israel in the 80′s . Rabbi Sidelsky for ideological Zionist reasons and Stephen Drus , ” I was the last of my family in South Africa and after been detained without trial repeatedly and hassled by the South African Security Police , I simply folded , gave up and  joined the Struggle to Release Mandela, in the South African Diaspora”. Professor Ethel Drus, was a renown UCT Educated Historian, who won three Alexander Prizes for History awarded by the Royal Society of Historians ( the equivalent of the Fields Prize in Mathematics)   . Professor Drus Chaired the Committee of Twelve who drafted the Freedom Charter , the Central African National Congress Document of commitment.  The committee of Twelve consisted of Three Blacks ( Mandela, Tambo and Mathews ) and Nine Jewish Academics and Civil  Rights Lawyers that included Ethel Drus, Ruth First, Abie Sachs, Joe Slovo ( Ruth’s First’s Husband) , the Bernsteins, Helen Joseph,  and Helen Suzman). They agreed to disagree on the question of Nationalization and the Redistribution of Land that Oliver Tambo and Nelson Mandela felt appropriate for inclusion then but agreed to reevaluate their position in the future and after he became the first Black President, Nelson Mandela chose not to make either central to the philosophy he followed. Mandela here top Harry Oppenheimer ( born Jewish ) advice an rather than antagonize all the Whites and Indians  pursued an affirmative action program while Harry Oppenheimer and other Jewish Business Leaders accelerated the transition of Blacks into Big Business in south Africa by  adding them to the Board of directors of JSE companies and even giving them management control of major JSE Groups like JCI – Johannesburg Consolidated Investment. Stephen Drus was active in the Progress Federal Party that became the Progressive Federal Party in Parliament and the Official Opposition. It is the Democratic Alliance today . Stephen Drus served as both Chairman of the Progressive and then Progressive Federal Party Youth Organisation in both the Western Cape and then Nationally. He was a founder and treasurer of first the short lived Mass Democratic Movement ( banned) and then the United Democratic Front and was the financial connection between the UDF  and major South African businessmen that included Harry Oppenheimer, Mendel Kaplan, Donald Gordon, Sol Kerzner , Susman of Woolworths, Ackerman of Ackermans , Mauberberger and many other leading Jewish businessman in Cape Town in particular.   Professor Ethel Drus then Emeritus Professor of History at Southampton University in the United Kington who was an authority of South African banned organisations and the legislation that did so, instructed her nephew Stephen Drus to insist that no leadership was elected to the United  Democratic  Front. And so it was .Without leadership, the union of over 400 Anti Apartheid Organisations ( both large and small) that all called for the Release of Mandela , technically did not exists and could therefore not ne banned. And so it was. the UDF  led the campaign thereafter for the Release of Mandela  and then evolved into the grassroots organisation of the African National Congress after Nelson Mandela was released from the Victor Vester Prison  on February 11th, 1990 at 2.30 pm. The Democratic Alliance, the liberal opposition in the new South African Democracy Parliament was led by Tony Leon  for thirteen years and currently by Helen Zille who has Jewish Grandfathers. South Africa’s Jews remembered Mandela, the country’s first democratically elected president, as a close friend, one with deep ties to prominent community figures and a partner in the decades-long effort to end apartheid. “I was extremely privileged to lead the community during his presidency,” said Mervyn Smith, who was chairman and later president of the South African Jewish Board of Deputies, the community’s representative body. “We met with him on many occasions and the talk was direct and open.” For Mandela, who rose to prominence as a leading opponent of the discriminatory racial regime known as apartheid, Jews were vital allies. Jewish lawyers represented him in multiple trials, and Jewish activists and political figures played leading roles in the fight. But Mandela’s ties to prominent South African Jews were personal as well as political. The former president’s second marriage, to Winnie Madikizela in 1958, took place at the home of Ray Harmel, a Jewish anti-apartheid activist. Harmel made Winnie’s wedding dress at Mandela’s request, according to David Saks’ history “Jewish Memories of Mandela.” When Mandela married again, in 1998, he invited Chief Rabbi Cyril Harris to offer a private blessing on the nuptials that were scheduled to take place on Shabbat. “After a warm exchange of greetings, Rabbi Cyril spoke quietly to them and blessed them,” Cyril’s wife, Ann, wrote later. “They stood through the blessing holding hands and with eyes closed. One could almost imagine the huppah.” Nelson Mandela salutes the crowd at the Green and Sea Point Hebrew Congregation in Cape Town on a visit shortly after being elected South Africa’s president in 1994. Joining Mandela, from left, are Rabbi Jack Steinhorn; Israel’s ambassador to South Africa, Alon Liel; Chief Rabbi Cyril Harris; and Mervyn Smith, chairman of the South African Jewish Board of Deputies. (SA Rochlin Archives, SAJBD) Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born in 1918 in the village of Mvezo, in the southeastern part of the country. As a young lawyer he was active in the African National Congress, which was beginning to challenge laws it considered unjust and discriminatory. In the 1950s, Mandela was tried for treason. He was acquitted with the help of a defense team led by Israel Maisels. Several years later, when he was accused of attempting to overthrow the apartheid regime during the Rivonia Trial, Mandela was defended by several Jewish lawyers. On the flip side , Percy Yutar was the Senior Prosecutor of Mandela and other Rivonia Defendants .He later wrote in his biography that it was the most distasteful thing he had to do in his life. The Rivonia Far, where Nelson Mandela was hidden was owned by Arthur Goldreich .All the Rivonia Whites arrested with Mandela were the practicing Jews Denis Goldberg, a Cape Town engineer and leader of the Congress of Democrats. Lionel “Rusty” Bernstein, architect and member of the South African Communist Party Bob Hepple Arthur Goldreich Harold Wolpe, prominent attorney and activist James “Jimmy” Kantor, brother-in-law of Harold Wolpe. The defence line-up for the majority of the accused was: Vernon Berrangé (advocate) George Bizos (advocate) Arthur Chaskalson (advocate) Bram Fischer (advocate, lead counsel) Harold Hanson (advocate) Joel Joffe (attorney) Chaskalson, Fischer, Hanson and Joffe were Jews. Bizos was a partner in a Jewish Law Firm and a family in Greece fought with Jewish Partisans in the Second World War. Three of his grandchildren have married into the Jewish Faith. Berrange  was a founder of the South African communist Party with Bram Fischer who he met as a law student at the University of Cape Town. Mandela was found guilty and sentenced to life in prison in 1964. He served most of his sentence on Robben Island, a former leper colony off the coast of Cape Town. The legendary, feisty Jewish parliamentarian Helen Suzman visited him there. Another prison visitor was the journalist Benjamin Pogrund, who worked frequently with Mandela in the 1960s. In a 1986 visit at Pollsmoor Prison, Pogrund informed Mandela that his son would shortly be celebrating his bar mitzvah. Afterward, the boy received a personal note from the future president. “From a man serving a life sentence — and at that stage with no idea when he might be released — it was a kind and thoughtful action for a youngster he had not even met,” Pogrund said, according to Saks. Mandela was released after 27 years, in February 1990. Four years later he was elected president. Among his appointees was Arthur Chaskalson, a member of his defense team during the Rivonia Trial, as the first president of the new Constitutional Court; he later became chief justice.  Abie Sachs who lost an eye and a arm in the parcel bomb that killed Ruth First in her Lorenzo Marques office  was also appoint to this Court as a Justice. Mandela’s deep ties to the Jewish community continued during his political career. On the first Shabbat after his election, he visited the Marais Road Synagogue in Sea Point. “Almost his first celebration was with the Jewish community,” Smith told JTA. In 1994, at the opening of an exhibition on Anne Frank, Mandela recounted how a handwritten version of her diary had inspired him and fellow prisoners on Robben Island. Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat meeting with Nelson Mandela in an undated photo. (Palestinian Authority via Getty Images) On Israel, Mandela’s relationship with the Jewish community was not free of controversy. His African National Congress cultivated close ties with the Palestine Liberation Organization and Mandela warmly embraced its leader, Yasser Arafat. Qaddafi of Libya gave Mandela and the ANC , $100 million in 1991 and in giving lip service  to that donation, Mandela’s relationship with the State of Israel was vacillated in ambivalence .   Confronted with Jewish protests, Mandela was dismissive, insisting that his relations with other countries would be determined by their attitudes toward the liberation movement. “If the truth alienates the powerful Jewish community in South Africa, that’s too bad,” Mandela was reported to have said, according to Gideon Shimoni, author of “Community and Conscience: The Jews in Apartheid South Africa.” Shimoni also recounts a 1990 encounter at the University of the Witwatersrand with a Jewish student. “Your enemies are not my enemies,” Mandela said. According to Saks, Mandela stressed his respect for Israel’s right to exist even as he defended his relationships with Palestinian leaders. It was perhaps illustrative of his policy of inclusivity that Mandela accepted an honorary doctorate from Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in 1997 when many in his party remained opposed to any ties with Israel. On a visit to Israel in 1999, Mandela invited Harris to join him. “He made us proud to be South Africans,” Smith said. “His presence at any communal occasion was electrifying. The Jewish After serving as the first President of South Africa , Nelson Mandela retired  Qunu  , his ancestral home in the Transkei that had during his Presidency been redeveloped  for the Nelson Mandela Foundation by Louis Karol Architects ,  a leading Jewish firm of Architects  in Cape Town. Nelson Mandela . The Giant of Moral Tolerance . Avery Great Man,died   on Thurday , 5th December 2013. Rest In Peace  Utata  Madiba. Further Reading http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela#Withdrawing_from_politics http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-22892784 http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/08/world/africa/in-nation-remade-by-mandela-social-equality-remains-elusive.html?_r=0 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-25256818 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-10524587 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-25250082 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-20735685 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-25245262 http://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2013/12/06/20-inspirational-quotes-from-nelson-mandela/ http://www.forbes.com/video/2902411356001/

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• DATEDECEMBER 8, 2013

• TAGSALEXANDER PRIZE, BENJAMIN POGRUND, CAPE TOWN, ETHEL DRUS,ISRAEL, JEWS, LONG WALK TO FREEDOM, MANDELA, NELSON MANDELA, PROFESSOR ETHEL DRUS, ROYAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY,SOUTH AFRICA, SOUTHAMPTON UNIVERSITY, STEPHEN DARORI,STEPHEN DRUS

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The Most Iconic Photos Of The 1940s

Raising a flag over the Reichstag, by Yevgeny Khaldei (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

United States Marine Corps War Memorial by Felix de Weldon at night. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

The flags from the first and second flag raisings are conserved in the National Museum of the Marine Corps. The second flag, pictured here, was damaged by the high winds at the peak of Suribachi. Like all American flags during World War II, it has 48 stars, since Alaska and Hawaii were not yet U.S. states. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Betty Grable (Photo credit: twm1340)

Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima, Joe Rosenthal’s historic photo depicts five United States Marines and one sailor raising an American flag over Mount Suribachi during the Battle of Iwo Jima. The image above is an Associated Press photograph that won the Pulitzer Prize for Photography. It was taken by Joe Rosenthal on February 23, 1945. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Mussolini (left) and Hitler sent their armies to North Africa and into Egypt against the British (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

The Most Iconic Photos Of The 1940s: Hitler in Paris, 1940

Taken at the height of World War Two and after Adolf Hitler had taken Paris, this picture depicts Hitler surveying his conquest with his various cronies and became one of the most iconic photos of the 1940s and World War 2.

The Last Jew in Vinnitsa, 1941

This powerful image of the death of the last Jew in Vinnitsa, Ukraine, was found in the album of an Einsatzgruppen soldier. The name of the image comes from the label at the back of the photo, and succinctly conveys what happened in Vinnitsa: all 28,000 of the Jews living there were killed.

Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 1943

Shot in 1943, this is one of the best-known pictures of World War Two, as it depicts the terror inspired by the Nazis. The image shows the destruction of the Warsaw Ghetto, which was home to thousands of Jewish citizens escaping the Nazi regime. Though the most poignant part of picture is the frightened little boy in the foreground with his hands up as he is forcibly removed from his hiding place.

The Most Iconic Photos Of The 1940s: D-Day, 1944

Taken by Robert Capa, the iconic D-Day photograph depicts the bloody World War Two front at Omaha Beach. The eerie, blurred image may have been produced by an eager assistant who melted the exposures together, but that only adds to the haunting depiction of the chaos of war.

The Most Iconic Photos Of The 1940s: V-J Day, 1945

This iconic photo depicts the jubilance and relief expressed throughout America when armistice was declared in World War Two. Contrary to popular opinion, the two in the picture were not lovers; the soldier was jubilantly planting kisses on women in Times Square – this lucky nurse was just one of them.

Raising a flag over the Reichstag, 1945

Depicting Soviet troops raising their flag atop the German Reichstag building, this iconic photo was taken by Yevgeny Khaldei during the Battle of Berlin on May 2, 1945. Considered one of the most popular and identifiable images of war, the photo was so popular because the usurpation of the historically significant building symbolized the downfall the Soviets’ enemy. The takedown occurred after a lengthy and bloody battle within the buildings walls.

Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima, 1945

A Pulitzer prize winning photo, this image by Joe Rosenthal shows U.S Marines patriotically raising the flag on top of Mount Suribachi during the Battle of Iwo Jima in WW2. Half of the men depicted in the picture died in battle.

The Most Iconic Photos Of The 1940s: Atomic Bomb in Hiroshima, 1945

This profound image depicts the explosion of an atomic bomb on August 6th in Hiroshima, Japan. It was the second atomic bomb ever used and the mushroom cloud in the photo gives the scope of the devastation: 150,000 people were killed or injured.

The first computer, 1946

The images of the first computer debuted in February 1946 when the device comprised 18,000 vacuum tubes, many wires and 170,000 watts of power and filled a 1,500 square foot room.

The Most Iconic Photos Of The 1940s: Dalí Atomicus, 1948

This surreal image was taken by Philippe Halsman as homage to both the new atomic age and to Salvador Dali’s surrealist masterpiece “Leda Atomica”. The bizarre photograph is actually a combination of people jumping and water and cats being thrown. The shoot took six hours, 28 jumps and various assistants throwing things in the air.

Read more at http://all-that-is-interesting.com/the-ten-most-iconic-photos-of-the-1940s/4/#KhlL1qa3qexVwQkg.99

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The Rise of Social Selling

Image via CrunchBase

This UML diagram describes the domain of LinkedIn social networking system. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

This is icon for social networking website. This is part of Open Icon Library’s webpage icon package. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

LinkedinAnswers (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

linkedin (Photo credit: Inmobiliaria Lares, Cangas)

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I don’t know if anyone can claim to have created or invented “social selling”. I’ve been identfied as the leading mind in Social Selling and it’s nice to have my name associated with such an important evolution of the sales role. Even though I created the first Social Selling University, I know I didn’t invent the term. Back in 2005 I was doing it before I ever knew there was a term for it.

Books like Sales 2.0 from Anneke Seley opened my eyes to a new way of sales that blurred the lines between traditional sales and technology. As a geek, I welcomed the idea that I could find a way to blend tech into my sales efforts and the first and easiest way was to leverage social media.

As a sales person your job is ultimately to sell things and grow revenue. Social networks open up an entirely new game for you to play and it’s a very profitable one.

The early adopters like myself were laughed at and even discouraged from using social media as a tool for driving sales. When I signed up for LinkedIn back in 2005 I saw the potential. It was a growing network of professionals that were getting “connected” with each other.

For the most part the easiest connections were people that you knew. Friends, co-workers and maybe some other people you had come in contact with. Your LinkedIn profile was your online resume that you could outline your entire career in one page. It’s a shame that many people still hold this belief.

The LinkedIn profile has evolved and the people reaping the most benefits are the ones that have transformed their profiles from a resume into their online reputation. A place that anyone can go to, get information from and communicate with knowledgable people in their industry. Your profile should be used as a resource, not a resume.

Then there was 2007 when I joined Twitter and it all started to make sense. I started connecting the dots between the early adopters of Twitter and my LinkedIn network and seeing that instead of just building a bunch of connections I was able to follow the real time activities of my friends and prospects/customers through their social streams. It opened my mind to a new way to engage and it more than made up for all of the unanswered emails and voicemails I was leaving.

A LinkedIn profile should be as mandatory as an email address and phone number for sales people. If I ever ran a sales team that would be the directive.

Technology has become a necessity in sales. There are blog posts like 5 Tools To Help You Close Sales Deals and 3 Potent Ways to Use Social Media in Sales that give sales people a starting point on applications they should look at using. Not because they are they next shiny objects but because these tools when used effectively can accelerate sales cycles. Best-in-Class sales reps (reps that deployed social selling) companies saw a 16.3% average year-over-year increase in total company revenue, compared to a 4.1% increase for the Industry Average and a 8.7% decrease among Laggards “Social Selling: Best-in-Class Targeting of the Right Message, at the Right Time, for the Right Person” Aberdeen Group; 2012.

Identifying prospects, speeding up the cycles and generating revenue is at the heart of sales.

Many analysts like Gartner and Forrester are also recognizing the need for sales people to become social. CSO Insights has a paper that explains how social selling can have an impact in revenue.

The Social Selling Expert Is Born

The early thought leaders in the space like Jill Konrath aren’t typically labeled as “social selling” experts but they paved the way for the future of sales. They were the only ones that were writing about the art of sales and served as the educators of myself and other sales professionals. It’s because of their adoption in a new method called blogging that sales people and executives started to take notice of how to change business. It wasn’t long before more people started blogging about sales tactics and sales methodology. Now you can’t throw a social rock in the industry without finding some “expert” in sales that is willing to train your teams how to be more effective making phone calls, sending emails and organizing your business. I expect the tipping point for social selling is coming fast.

There are now over 2500 people on LinkedIn with the word “social selling” in their bio. A couple years ago that number was ZERO.

I’m excited to see that the term is getting traction. The Social Selling Revolution has made it’s way all the way to the Enterprise and huge corporations are putting time, money and resources into training and equipping their people with best practices and tools to be winners in this new era. Look at places like IBM and ADP, they are both adopting social selling and even becoming leaders in the space.

Over the past year many tradtional sales methodology trainers have adjusted their positioning to cover social selling and there are people like Barbara Giamanco who wrote the book “The New Handshake: Sales Meets Social Media” who helped pioneer the practical use of social media within sales.

Be careful of the “experts”. There are some great people and organizations out there that know a lot about social selling, best practices and ways to implement it, but there are also many people that call themselves experts that are really good at optimizing your LinkedIn profile and that’s the extent of their expertise. Before anyone starts leaving me comments about how that’s offensive, let me explain…

Social selling is bigger than optimizing your LinkedIn profile. It’s the ability to leverage social networks in a way that builds and leverages your connections to get the job done. Having an expertise on the social network and how to create content and context that engages your connections is much harder than updating your photo and headline.

All roads in B2B sales lead to LinkedIn

There are more social networks than I can list in this post. From snapchat to instagram and YouTube to Twitter. They all have their place in the world of social marketing but one network that stands out from the rest specificallty when it comes to B2B sales is LinkedIn. Its the only social network specifically designed and positioned for the professional workforce.

The Future of B2B Sales Is Social

The future of sales is a social one. As I said earlier, companies that don’t adopt social selling and that don’t find a way to put that social intelligence into their CRM will be at a huge disadvantage in the market. Executives need to start planning on how they are going to enable their sales teams with next generation tools that will make their sales teams more effective.

Technology is a double edge sword. Just as sales people are moving into the future, the buyers are already ahead of us.

Email technology has made it so that I don’t get junk anymore. It’s filed away automatically based on flags or even my behavior. If you’re not someone I’ve communicated with before or don’t have a connection to, I will probably never see your email. Tools like SaneBox or even good ol’ GMail only serve up the emails that I want to read and if something slips through, it takes a click of the mouse to make sure it never gets past again.

Advanced phone systems now have virtual gatekeepers and eventually your phone will know if you want to be bothered by a caller based on your behavior, your contacts and your phone logs. I’ll be buying stock in that company when it’s created.

We are going to see the application of social selling increase across every industry. It’s not a matter of if, but when it’s going to touch your company.

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Some Unusual Words. Love in Tennis, OK, Codswallop, Grockle , Loo

Coffee grinders at Flea market, Strasbourg, France (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

‘The Apostles’, Australia, The Great Ocean Road, The Twelve Apostles (Photo credit: WanderingtheWorld (www.ChrisFord.com))

nine underscore towers (Photo credit: Underscore Design)

English: The 9. Bishop of Tranquebar Jubilee Gnanabaranam Johnson dressed up to the nines in Bishop’s vestments with Bishop’s mitre and Bishop’s crozier of the Tamil Evangelical Lutheran Church of Tamil Nadu. He wore the Bishop’s ring only during his installation. Deutsch: Der 9. Bischof von Tranquebar Jubilee Gnanabaranam Johnson in vollem Bischofsornat mit Mitra und Krummstab der Tamilischen Evangelisch Lutherischen Kirche (TELC) in Tamil Nadu. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Flea Markets are becomming quite popular in Japan. In Akihabara, the Mottainai Flea market takes place about once a month outside the UDX building near Akiba station. Here you can find anything from used clothing to Gun-pura to old computers to figures. Sometimes the prices are kind of high, but usually things are reasonable. Do you ever check out flea markets? (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Twenty-Nine Ways to Stay Creative (Photo credit: jenniferabe)

Hietalahdentori flea market, Helsinki, Finland. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Dressed to the Nines, Photograph by Ueno Hikoma; “Samurai (Harada Kiichi), Nagasaki, Japan”; Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Was the first computer ‘bug’ a real insect?

What is the origin of ‘love’ meaning ‘nil’ in tennis scoring?

What is the origin of the phrase ‘sleep tight’?

What is the origin of the phrase ‘the bee’s knees’?

What is the origin of the term ‘brass monkey’?

What is the origin of the term ‘dressed to the nines’?

What is the origin of the term ‘flea market’?

What is the origin of the word ‘OK’?

What is the origin of the word ‘codswallop’?

What is the origin of the word ‘grockle’?

What is the origin of the word ‘loo’?

What is the origin of the word ‘penguin’?

What is the origin of the word ‘posh’?

What is the origin of the word ‘quiz’?

What is the origin of the word ‘snob’?

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Stephen Darori’s Reply to Sharon Weshler’s comments on Quora …. Don’t mess with Steve

English: Eliezer Ben-Yehuda עברית: אליעזר בן-יהודה (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

English: A stamp depicting Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, reviver of the Hebrew language. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

דוגמא לגופן “פרנק-ריהל” הגופן ששימש לדוגמא: Frank-Ruehl, של קולמוס. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Sharon Weshler is a schmuck of the first degree.  He is a zit that doesn’t want to go away.  He is the most gullible gonzales , a narcissistic egomaniac zengod unto himself.  I am Stephen Darori on Linkedin and have been there since since t went beta in 2004. Stephen Darori’s Linkedin Profile was one of the first dozen to be tagged 5 Star All Star stutus. The others were in the Mountain View  Campus of Linkedin . It is a good read and an education in branding ad marketing and we rewrote the Linkedin book doing so . It was fun.

.This is cute and original and I wish I could claim it as my own but I have spoken fluent Yiddish taught to me by my Bobba Sarah while she looked after me  from 0 to 6. I have been learning Hebrew since I was 3 ( and am still a scholar of this remarkable revived language) and started at the Weizmann Primary Nursery School , continued to matriculation at United Herzlia Schools a wonderful Hebrew School in Cape town, South Africa. I graduated with a First Class Matriculation  Hebrew as a subject and then with Zion in my horizon sometime in the future took Hebrew as an additional major in my first undergraduate degree at UCT, I have two = many postgraduate degrees and programs under my belt but think Peter Thiel is right to suggest that Degrees date themselves and are irrelevant when someone starts working. I remain a scholar of Hebrew  and after 28 years in and out of the Holyland ( 21st January is the anniversary of my immigration to Israel), I obviously speak Hebrew fluently . But love this comment that so seems to set up and up set  Sharon Weshler…  Sharone Weshler on Linkedin on linkedin is also this chappie of schizophrenic multiple identities

“””Sharon Weshler ….The guy is an internet “blow job” …. he is not active on Quora and whether he is or isn’t “connected” to the startup community is debatable … but anyone with 500+ linkedin connections knows that 95% are useless….anyone can market themselves as a hub” but asked my Israeli girl friend to evaluate his lectures on youtube ( I don’t speak a word of Hebrew and am not Jewish) and she said they were no more than Social Media 101 ……there are Linkedin Groups you can join and try and connect to obvious Recruitment people … just had another checkout of Weshlers Linkedin profile and this chappie chops and changes jobs like “Dingdong diarrhea “… my Israeli girl fried thinks he is also a schlemiel ( Yiddish… another language I do not speak) .. Yiddish for a fool ….Sharon Weshler recently  left a position in tracx given that tracx is on the list of Most Promising Israeli Startups … suggests that he was once again fired from this position as well”””

For the record my origin name was Stephen Drus  ( damnit Sharon Weshler , at least get that right) . Drus was originally Drues in Poland and we can trace our family tree to both Krakow and a very large land holding in the area of Nejzugola near Vilnius,   All the male heirs to the Drues  Proclamations of the Kings of the Polish-Lithuania Commonwealth and before that the Kingdom of Poland . All the male hereditary heirs were called Drues of  Nejzugola. Technically my grandfather Samuel father was the 19th Drues of Nejzugola, which makes me the 21st Baron x 2 and Count x1) . But this is silly as Poland has been a Republic ( for the second time) since 1918 and Versailes nailed that. Drus דרס is pronounced Darus  and ooch I discovered that Darus is the Gerund of the Hebrew verb , Le Dareis ” לדרסwhich means ” to be trampled on, to be run over like a dog”. Could live with that  so Hebrewaized my surname on 6th September 1987  in the Ministry of Interior ‘s offices in Netanya., they encourage Israelis to take Hebrew Surnames . There are no legal requirements as in zion , Israeli Citizens are tagged with a 10 digit ID number called a Mispar Tuedat Zehut , from birth to death and even beyond forever. You can call yourself whatever you want during your lifetime in Zion. So I digress   Drus  דרוס  become Drori, דרוריthe Biblical Word for Sparrow . The Hebrew letter called a Shamech c was replaced by the next in the Hebrew alphabet a Reish. . The “a” in English was added for branding purposes .
Drori also has a metaphorical meaning of “liberty, freedom” . The new meaning was first applied by the reviver of the Hebrew Language in Israel, Eliezer Ben Yehuda in his 1037 Dictionary of the New Hebrew Language.

So out of curiosity I played around with the Bituah Leumi  Model ( it is available  from the Internet) . Bituah Leumi is the National Insurance Institute in  Israel. The maximum Grant any person can get from this institute is  just 2445 shekels a month which wouldn’t cover the an average fortnightly fuel bill for a saloon car. Fuel ( petrol ) in Zion is the second most expensive in Europe after Norway and in Norway it is high as a deterrent to the use of fossil fuels . Definitely no so in Israel. Here it is a revenue source. For the budget.. Nobody seriously can live on just 2445 shekels a month in Israel . There are over 30,000 Israelis just in Berlin who have abandoned the Zionist Dream as the cost of Living is too expensive.  So screw you Mr. Sharon Weshler , if your wife refuses to service you, use your hand instead.

Sharon Weshler is a mother smucker on an endless egotistical  expedition

I am Stephen Darori on Linkedin
http://www.linkedin.com/in/steph

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Didn’t Get The Job? Do This…

English: Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

English: Silajdžić is being interviewed by Talal Al-Haj at the United Nations. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

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A LinkedIn reader sent me this,

I interviewed for a job with a company on my bucket list. I was one of two finalists. I nailed the final interview… or so I thought. I got the email today from the HR Manager that t they went with the other candidate. She said he had more experience than me but that they loved my passion for their company.

I’m crushed. Is there anything I can do to try to get them to change their mind? How should I respond? Do I even respond at all?

When you find out you didn’t get the job there is something you can do. But, it begins with knowing…

The Difference Between “No” & “Not Today”

First, take a deep breath. I know losing out on the job feels like they said, “no,” to you personally. But, what they really said was, “not today,” to your business-of-one. They simply picked another service provider they thought was a better fit for their needs. It doesn’t mean they don’t like what you’re offering, nor does it mean they’ll never use your services. In fact, let’s look at what you’ve accomplished:

A) You beat out hundreds of candidates and got the initial interview.

B) You nailed the first interview and made it to the final two.

C) You were told they loved your passion for their company.

This is what any good salesperson dreams of making happen with a potential client. It’s the foundation of what can be a long and fruitful relationship, but only if you take the next step.

Prove You Meant What You Said

Show your exceptional character by emailing back. Better yet, make a phone call to the person who gave you the news and say,

Thank you for letting me know you made a decision. I’m really happy you have found the right candidate for the job. The interviewing process with you was very inspiring and I meant what I said about wanting to work for your company. So, I was wondering if you could advise me on what I can do to be proactive and stay on your radar screen for any future opportunities?”

By showing you have no hard feelings and still want to work for them even after not getting the job, you will make an amazing impression. Not to mention, they’ll now have a vetted candidate on file they could call on a moment’s notice for a new job and potentially bypass the hassle of posting the job and interviewing a bunch of other candidates. Don’t forget, hiring isn’t their full-time job. They’re busy. So, anytime a company can save the hassle of going through a long hiring process, they will. By telling them you want to stay in touch and do what you can to get the next job, you’re making the most of the relationship you have developed with them so far.

Don’t Let Pride Get In The Way

You invested time and energy in getting to know this company. And, they’re the type of employer you want to work for. Don’t let your pride get in the way of your ability to nurture this relationship into a potential job offer down the road. Be a smart business-of-one and leverage what you’ve created. Who knows? The person they hired might not work out. In which case, they’ll be calling you. Plus, if they’re hiring now, they could be hiring again soon. You don’t know what jobs may get created down the line that could be an even better fit for you. Get over the initial blow of not getting chosen for this position and get in gear on laying the foundation for getting the next one!

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